R Dataset / Package HistData / ZeaMays
| Attachment | Size |
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| dataset-75564.csv | 350 bytes |
| Documentation |
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On this Picostat.com statistics page, you will find information about the ZeaMays data set which pertains to Darwin's Heights of Cross- and Self-fertilized Zea May Pairs. The ZeaMays data set is found in the HistData R package. Try to load the ZeaMays data set in R by issuing the following command at the console data("ZeaMays"). This may load the data into a variable called ZeaMays. If R says the ZeaMays data set is not found, you can try installing the package by issuing this command install.packages("HistData") and then attempt to reload the data with library("HistData") followed by data("ZeaMays"). Perhaps strangley, if R gives you no output after entering a command, it means the command succeeded. If it succeeded you can see the data by typing ZeaMays at the command-line which should display the entire dataset. If you need to download R, you can go to the R project website. You can download a CSV (comma separated values) version of the ZeaMays R data set. The size of this file is about 350 bytes. Darwin's Heights of Cross- and Self-fertilized Zea May PairsDescriptionDarwin (1876) studied the growth of pairs of zea may (aka corn) seedlings, one produced by cross-fertilization and the other produced by self-fertilization, but otherwise grown under identical conditions. His goal was to demonstrate the greater vigour of the cross-fertilized plants. The data recorded are the final height (inches, to the nearest 1/8th) of the plants in each pair. In the Design of Experiments, Fisher (1935) used these data to illustrate
a paired t-test (well, a one-sample test on the mean difference, Usagedata(ZeaMays) FormatA data frame with 15 observations on the following 4 variables.
DetailsIn addition to the standard paired t-test, several types of non-parametric tests can be contemplated: (a) Permutation test, where the values of, say (b) Permutation test based on assigning each (c) Wilcoxon signed rank test: tests the hypothesis that the median signed rank of the SourceDarwin, C. (1876). The Effect of Cross- and Self-fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom, 2nd Ed. London: John Murray. Andrews, D. and Herzberg, A. (1985) Data:
a collection of problems from many fields for the student and research worker.
New York: Springer. Data retrieved from: ReferencesFisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. London: Oliver & Boyd. See Also
Examples
data(ZeaMays)##################################
## Some preliminary exploration ##
##################################
boxplot(ZeaMays[,c("cross", "self")], ylab="Height (in)", xlab="Fertilization")# examine large individual diff/ces
largediff <- subset(ZeaMays, abs(diff) > 2*sd(abs(diff)))
with(largediff, segments(1, cross, 2, self, col="red"))# plot cross vs. self. NB: unusual trend and some unusual points
with(ZeaMays, plot(self, cross, pch=16, cex=1.5))
abline(lm(cross ~ self, data=ZeaMays), col="red", lwd=2)# pot effects ?
anova(lm(diff ~ pot, data=ZeaMays))##############################
## Tests of mean difference ##
##############################
# Wilcoxon signed rank test
# signed ranks:
with(ZeaMays, sign(diff) * rank(abs(diff)))
wilcox.test(ZeaMays$cross, ZeaMays$self, conf.int=TRUE, exact=FALSE)# t-tests
with(ZeaMays, t.test(cross, self))
with(ZeaMays, t.test(diff))mean(ZeaMays$diff)
# complete permutation distribution of diff, for all 2^15 ways of assigning
# one value to cross and the other to self (thx: Bert Gunter)
N <- nrow(ZeaMays)
allmeans <- as.matrix(expand.grid(as.data.frame(
matrix(rep(c(-1,1),N), nr =2)))) %*% abs(ZeaMays$diff) / N# upper-tail p-value
sum(allmeans > mean(ZeaMays$diff)) / 2^N
# two-tailed p-value
sum(abs(allmeans) > mean(ZeaMays$diff)) / 2^Nhist(allmeans, breaks=64, xlab="Mean difference, cross-self",
main="Histogram of all mean differences")
abline(v=c(1, -1)*mean(ZeaMays$diff), col="red", lwd=2, lty=1:2)plot(density(allmeans), xlab="Mean difference, cross-self",
main="Density plot of all mean differences")
abline(v=c(1, -1)*mean(ZeaMays$diff), col="red", lwd=2, lty=1:2)
-- Dataset imported from https://www.r-project.org. |
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