# R Dataset / Package lme4 / Pastes

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## Visual Summaries

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<iframe src="https://embed.picostat.com/r-dataset-package-lme4-pastes.html" frameBorder="0" width="100%" height="307px" />
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Dataset Help

On this Picostat.com statistics page, you will find information about the Pastes data set which pertains to Paste strength by batch and cask. The Pastes data set is found in the lme4 R package. You can load the Pastes data set in R by issuing the following command at the console data("Pastes"). This will load the data into a variable called Pastes. If R says the Pastes data set is not found, you can try installing the package by issuing this command install.packages("lme4") and then attempt to reload the data. If you need to download R, you can go to the R project website. You can download a CSV (comma separated values) version of the Pastes R data set. The size of this file is about 1,163 bytes.

Documentation

## Paste strength by batch and cask

### Description

Strength of a chemical paste product; its quality depending on the delivery batch, and the cask within the delivery.

### Format

A data frame with 60 observations on the following 4 variables.

strength

paste strength.

batch

delivery batch from which the sample was sample. A factor with 10 levels: ‘A’ to ‘J’.

cask

cask within the delivery batch from which the sample was chosen. A factor with 3 levels: ‘a’ to ‘c’.

sample

the sample of paste whose strength was assayed, two assays per sample. A factor with 30 levels: ‘A:a’ to ‘J:c’.

### Details

The data are described in Davies and Goldsmith (1972) as coming from “ deliveries of a chemical paste product contained in casks where, in addition to sampling and testing errors, there are variations in quality between deliveries ... As a routine, three casks selected at random from each delivery were sampled and the samples were kept for reference. ... Ten of the delivery batches were sampled at random and two analytical tests carried out on each of the 30 samples”.

### Source

O.L. Davies and P.L. Goldsmith (eds), Statistical Methods in Research and Production, 4th ed., Oliver and Boyd, (1972), section 6.5

### Examples

str(Pastes)
require(lattice)
dotplot(cask ~ strength | reorder(batch, strength), Pastes,
strip = FALSE, strip.left = TRUE, layout = c(1, 10),
xlab = "Paste strength", jitter.y = TRUE)
## Modifying the factors to enhance the plot
Pastes <- within(Pastes, batch <- reorder(batch, strength))
Pastes <- within(Pastes, sample <- reorder(reorder(sample, strength),
as.numeric(batch)))
dotplot(sample ~ strength | batch, Pastes,
strip = FALSE, strip.left = TRUE, layout = c(1, 10),
scales = list(y = list(relation = "free")),
ylab = "Sample within batch",
xlab = "Paste strength", jitter.y = TRUE)
## Four equivalent models differing only in specification
(fm1 <- lmer(strength ~ (1|batch) + (1|sample), Pastes))
(fm2 <- lmer(strength ~ (1|batch/cask), Pastes))
(fm3 <- lmer(strength ~ (1|batch) + (1|batch:cask), Pastes))
(fm4 <- lmer(strength ~ (1|batch/sample), Pastes))
## fm4 results in redundant labels on the sample:batch interaction

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